Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

19.8K
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
19.8K
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

28.9K
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
28.9K
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

49.2K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
49.2K
Genomics02:02

Genomics

37.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
37.9K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

8.2K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
8.2K
Organization of Genes02:07

Organization of Genes

71.0K
Overview
71.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Agreement and Performance of Variant Annotation Programs in Equine Genomes.

Genes·2026
Same author

Reproducibility of the Evaluation of Genetic Variant Pathogenicity Based on the Animal Variant Classification Guidelines.

Animal genetics·2026
Same author

Whole Genome Data Uncover the Complex Origins of Polish Konik Horses.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026
Same author

An intronic variant in Ferredoxin Reductase (FDXR) creates a cryptic exon in Quarter Horses with Equine Juvenile Spinocerebellar Ataxia.

PLoS genetics·2026
Same author

Fully Phased Telomere-to-Telomere Assemblies for Thoroughbred Horse and Donkey Haplotypes derived from a Mule Illuminate the Peculiar Evolution of Equid Centromeres.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Additional Evidence Fails to Associate Variation in KCNE4 With Equine Anhidrosis.

Animal genetics·2026
Same journal

Tissue MicroRNAs in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Studies in Human Myocardium and Animal Models with Implications for Post-Mortem Molecular Diagnostics.

Genes·2026
Same journal

Genetic Variants and Dental Caries Susceptibility: An Umbrella Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis.

Genes·2026
Same journal

Generative AI and Language Models in Human Genetics and Health: From Variant Interpretation to Clinical Decision Support.

Genes·2026
Same journal

Familial White-Sutton Syndrome Caused by a Pathogenic POGZ p.Arg508* Variant: Intrafamilial Variability from Childhood to Adulthood.

Genes·2026
Same journal

Genetic Influence on LDL-Cholesterol Levels: Role of Polygenic Risk Scores and Lp(a) Beyond Monogenic Hypercholesterolemia.

Genes·2026
Same journal

THBS1 as a Key Regulator of Myoblasts: Validation of Its Inhibitory Roles in Skeletal Muscle Development.

Genes·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
12:11

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes

Published on: May 11, 2017

11.1K

Decoding the Equine Genome: Lessons from ENCODE.

Sichong Peng1, Jessica L Petersen2, Rebecca R Bellone1,3

  • 1Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Genes
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The equine Functional Annotation of Animal Genome (FAANG) project enhances horse genome function knowledge. This initiative provides a functional atlas for equine genetics and complex trait studies.

Keywords:
FAANGepigeneticsfunctional annotationgene regulationhealthhorsetranscriptomewelfare

More Related Videos

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform
09:04

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform

Published on: January 30, 2017

7.9K
Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
09:51

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

34.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
12:11

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes

Published on: May 11, 2017

11.1K
Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform
09:04

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform

Published on: January 30, 2017

7.9K
Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
09:51

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

34.6K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Animal Genetics

Background:

  • Horse reference genomes (EquCab2.0, EquCab3.0) advanced equine genomics.
  • Gaps in understanding horse genome function hinder complex trait research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To bridge the gap between genome sequence and gene expression in horses.
  • To provide insights into functional regulation within the horse genome.
  • To create a functional annotation atlas for equine genetics.

Main Methods:

  • Inspired by the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project.
  • Generated data from over 400 experiments across more than 50 tissues.
  • Targeted various regulatory features of the equine genome.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in functional annotation of the horse genome.
  • Established a comprehensive dataset from diverse equine tissues and experiments.
  • Valuable lessons learned from ENCODE informed project decisions.

Conclusions:

  • The equine FAANG project serves as a template for future functional annotation.
  • The functional atlas will aid studies of complex traits and advance equine precision medicine.
  • Enhanced understanding of equine genome function is crucial for future genetic research.