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Fetal Circulation

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

Published on: January 27, 2023

Cardiovascular Intervention in Neonates Using an Umbilical Vein Approach.

Ying-Tzu Ju¹, Yu-Jen Wei^1,2, Yung-Chieh Lin^1,3

¹Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 27, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Umbilical vein catheterization offers a safe and efficient method for infant cardiovascular interventions, including patent ductus arteriosus occlusion and pulmonary valve procedures. This approach proves time-saving for neonates requiring critical cardiac catheterization.

Keywords:

cardiovascular intervention newborn patent ductus arteriosus premature infants umbilical vein

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Cardiology
Interventional Cardiology
Neonatal Medicine

Background:

Cardiovascular catheterization is vital for infant treatment.
Peripheral vascular access can be challenging in neonates.
Umbilical vein catheterization is an under-investigated approach for neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

To retrospectively review cardiovascular interventions using the umbilical vein approach in infants.
To assess the feasibility, success rates, and complications of this method.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 16 infants (17 procedures) from 2017-2020.
Data collected: perinatal variables, diagnoses, and devices used.
Infants' gestational age: 22-39 weeks; weight: 478-3685g.

Main Results:

Successful cardiovascular catheterization in 88.2% (15/17) of cases.
Indications included patent ductus arteriosus occlusion, pulmonary valvuloplasty, and hemofiltration.
Complications included ductus venosus closure, hemorrhage, and procedural failure.

Conclusions:

Umbilical vein catheterization is a safe and time-saving method for infant cardiac catheterization.
It facilitates the use of large-sized catheters in small infants.
This approach is a viable alternative when catheterization is necessary.