Intraoperative Resting-State Functional Connectivity Based on RGB Imaging.

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Neuroimaging
• Optical Imaging

Background:

• Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) are not suitable for intraoperative use.
• RGB optical imaging offers a marker-free, contactless, and non-invasive method for monitoring brain activity.
• Identifying resting-state networks intraoperatively is crucial for neurosurgical guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To adapt and evaluate resting-state methodologies from fMRI for intraoperative RGB imaging.
• To assess the ability of intraoperative RGB imaging to identify resting-state brain networks.
• To compare RGB resting-state network identification with task-based RGB imaging and electrical brain stimulation.

Main Methods:

• Adapted two fMRI-based resting-state methodologies for intraoperative RGB imaging.
• Performed measurements on 3 patients undergoing resection of lesions near motor sites.
• Compared identified resting-state networks with task-based RGB imaging and intraoperative electrical brain stimulation.

Main Results:

• Intraoperative RGB resting-state networks showed good correspondence with RGB task-based imaging (DICE: 0.55±0.29).
• Resting-state procedures demonstrated strong agreement among themselves (DICE: 0.66±0.11) and with electrical brain stimulation.
• RGB imaging proved relevant for intraoperative resting-state network identification.

Conclusions:

• Intraoperative RGB imaging is a viable technique for identifying resting-state brain networks.
• Resting-state functional neuroimaging offers advantages over task-based methods, including shorter acquisition times and reduced patient burden.
• This approach is particularly beneficial for patients unable to perform complex tasks during surgery.