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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

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Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Eco-Friendly Ether and Ester-Urethane Prepolymer: Structure, Processing and Properties.

Joanna Niesiobędzka1, Ewa Głowińska1, Janusz Datta1

  • 1Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study explored bio-based urethane prepolymers, finding that polyol type and isocyanate (NCO) content significantly affect processability. Thermal stability remained consistent across different bio-based prepolymer formulations.

Keywords:
bio-based diisocyanatechemical structureester-urethane prepolymerether-urethane prepolymerprocessing propertiesthermal analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Materials

Background:

  • Urethane prepolymers are crucial in various applications.
  • There is a growing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based materials.
  • Bio-based monomers offer a promising route to eco-friendly polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure-property relationships of bio-based urethane prepolymers.
  • To evaluate the impact of polyol type and isocyanate content on thermal and processing characteristics.
  • To assess the processability and thermal stability of ether and ester-urethane prepolymers derived from natural components.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of bio-based isocyanate-terminated ether and ester-urethane prepolymers using bio-monomers.
  • Analysis of unreacted isocyanate (NCO) groups.
  • Characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR).
  • Thermal analysis via thermogravimetry (TGA) and rheological measurements.

Main Results:

  • Polyol origin (ether vs. ester) and NCO content significantly influence prepolymer processability.
  • Prepolymers based on polyether polyols exhibit lower viscosity at lower temperatures compared to polyester polyol-based ones.
  • Thermal stability was found to be similar across all investigated bio-based prepolymers.
  • Viscosity is directly dependent on the NCO content.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of polyol and the NCO content are critical factors for optimizing the processability of bio-based urethane prepolymers.
  • Bio-based urethane prepolymers demonstrate comparable thermal stability, making them viable sustainable alternatives.
  • Understanding these relationships facilitates the development of tailored bio-based materials for specific applications.