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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Structural and Functional Changes and Possible Molecular Mechanisms in Aged Skin.

Hyunji Lee1, Yongjun Hong1, Miri Kim1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Skin aging results from intrinsic and extrinsic factors, impacting skin structure and function. Understanding molecular mechanisms like fibroblast senescence and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) offers therapeutic targets for aging skin.

Keywords:
intrinsic agingmolecular mechanismsphotoagingskin aging

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Skin aging is a multifaceted process driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
  • Aging affects epidermal and dermal structure, characterized by reduced cell counts and fibroblast activity.
  • Fibroblast senescence plays a key role, releasing factors that impair growth and degrade the extracellular matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex molecular mechanisms underlying skin aging.
  • To highlight the contribution of fibroblast senescence and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to skin aging.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for treating aged skin.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on skin aging mechanisms.
  • Analysis of histological and molecular changes associated with skin aging.
  • Identification of key molecular pathways involved in the aging process.

Main Results:

  • Intrinsic and extrinsic factors lead to epidermal atrophy and dermal changes, including decreased cell and fibroblast numbers.
  • Fibroblast senescence contributes to aging via a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, impairing growth factors and activating MMPs.
  • Key molecular mechanisms include telomere shortening, oxidative stress, MMPs, cytokines, autophagy, microRNAs, and the microbiome.

Conclusions:

  • Skin aging is a complex molecular process with multiple contributing factors.
  • Understanding these mechanisms, particularly fibroblast senescence and MMPs, provides a basis for therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting these molecular pathways offers promising strategies for managing and treating aging skin.