Anti-Aggregative Effect of the Antioxidant DJ-1 on the TPPP/p25-Derived Pathological Associations of Alpha-Synuclein

DJ-1, a multi-functional protein with antioxidant properties, protects dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson's disease (PD). The oligomerization/assembly of alpha-synuclein (SYN), promoted by Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25), is fatal in the early stage of PD. The pathological assembly of SYN with TPPP/p25 inhibits their proteolytic degradation. In this work, we identified DJ-1 as a new interactive partner of TPPP/p25, and revealed its influence on the association of TPPP/p25 with SYN. DJ-1 did not affect the TPPP/p25-derived tubulin polymerization; however, it did impede the toxic assembly of TPPP/p25 with SYN. The interaction of DJ-1 with TPPP/p25 was visualized in living human cells by fluorescence confocal microscopy coupled with Bifunctional Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC). While the transfected DJ-1 displayed homogeneous intracellular distribution, the TPPP/p25-DJ-1 complex was aligned along the microtubule network. The anti-aggregative effect of DJ-1 on the pathological TPPP/p25-SYN assemblies was established by the decrease in the intensity of their intracellular fluorescence (BiFC signal) and the increase in the proteolytic degradation of SYN complexed with TPPP/p25 due to the DJ-1-derived disassembly of SYN with TPPP/p25. These data obtained with HeLa and SH-SY5Y cells revealed the protective effect of DJ-1 against toxic SYN assemblies, which assigns a new function to the antioxidant sensor DJ-1.