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Differential Effects of Multiple Dimensions of Poverty on Child Behavioral Problems: Results from the A-CHILD Study

Yui Yamaoka1, Aya Isumi1,2, Satomi Doi1,2

  • 1Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|November 27, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Material deprivation, especially concerning children's educational needs, significantly impacts child behavioral problems. Low income's effects are mediated by parental distress and support access, unlike deprivation.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the distinct impacts of low income versus material deprivation on child behavior.
  • Material deprivation includes both general living necessities and specific child-related resources like books.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of low income, life-related deprivation, and child-related deprivation on child behavioral problems and prosocial behavior.
  • To explore the mediating roles of parental psychological distress and consulting sources in these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study (N=12,367) involving first-grade Japanese students.
  • Assessed child behavioral problems and prosocial behavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
  • Categorized material deprivation into life-related and child-related types and measured low income via household income.

Main Results:

  • Life-related and child-related deprivation showed significant adverse effects on behavioral problems but not prosocial behavior.
  • Low income's impact on behavior was mediated by parental psychological distress (45.0%) and consulting sources (20.8%).
  • Deprivation's effects were also mediated by parental distress (29.2-35.0%) and consulting sources (6.4-6.9%).

Conclusions:

  • Material deprivation, particularly child-related, is a critical factor for child mental health, independent of low income.
  • Parental psychological distress and access to support systems play significant mediating roles in how socioeconomic factors affect child behavior.

Keywords:
child behavioral problemmaterial deprivationpovertyprosocial skill

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