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Do State Comprehensive Planning Statutes Address Physical Activity?: Implications for Rural Communities.

Lisa M Charron1, Chloe Milstein2, Samantha I Moyers3

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Summary

Few U.S. states explicitly mandate physical activity (PA) in comprehensive plans, especially for rural areas. State statutes often lack specific PA guidance, limiting its integration into community development.

Keywords:
built environmentcomprehensive planlegal epidemiologyphysical activitypolicyruralstate statuteurban planning

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Urban Planning
  • Environmental Law

Background:

  • Physical activity (PA) is crucial for health, yet U.S. adults, particularly in rural areas, fall short of recommended levels.
  • The built environment significantly influences PA opportunities, with local comprehensive plans guiding its development.
  • Understanding state statutes is key to integrating PA into community planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze state comprehensive planning statutes for provisions related to physical activity (PA) and rural communities.
  • To identify how population size influences mandates for PA within these statutes.
  • To assess the current legal landscape supporting PA in community development.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted primary legal research across all 50 U.S. state comprehensive planning statutes.
  • Identified and evaluated statutes for PA-related content and population-conditional mandates.
  • Utilized Fisher's exact tests to analyze associations between state rurality and planning mandates.

Main Results:

  • Broader PA-related topics appeared more frequently in statutes than specific PA items.
  • When PA was addressed, it was often as a mandated, subsumed element.
  • PA-related items were less common in statutes from highly rural states or conditionally mandated based on population size.
  • Only two states explicitly mentioned PA in their comprehensive planning statutes.

Conclusions:

  • State comprehensive planning statutes offer limited direct support for integrating physical activity (PA).
  • Provisions for PA are less likely in statutes for rural areas or smaller jurisdictions.
  • Policy enhancements are needed to ensure PA is systematically incorporated into community planning across all regions.