Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Virology
• Stem Cell Biology

Background:

• The human brain is a primary target for viral infections, leading to severe neurological consequences.
• Central nervous system (CNS) organoids, derived from stem cells, mimic brain development and cellular composition.
• CNS organoids offer a valuable model for studying viral pathogenesis in the human brain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and describe available CNS organoid models for viral pathogenesis research.
• To provide a guide for selecting appropriate CNS organoid protocols based on research goals, timelines, and budgets.
• To highlight the potential of CNS organoids in reducing animal use for studying human-specific neurotropic viruses.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE.
• Keywords used included "brain organoid" and "CNS organoid" to identify relevant studies.
• Review and synthesis of protocols for CNS organoid generation and their application in viral research.

Main Results:

• Two primary methods exist for CNS organoid generation.
• The duration for organoid generation ranges from 28 days to over two months.
• The cost for generating a population of organoids varies between USD 1000 and 5000.

Conclusions:

• Multiple CNS organoid generation methods are available, allowing for customization to specific research needs.
• CNS organoid models provide a robust platform for studying viral pathogenesis and characterizing disease mechanisms.
• These models can significantly reduce or replace animal testing, particularly for viruses affecting the human CNS.