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Estimating Resting HRV during fMRI: A Comparison between Laboratory and Scanner Environment.

Andy Schumann1, Stefanie Suttkus1, Karl-Jürgen Bär1

  • 1Lab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environments do not systematically alter heart rate variability (HRV) when using photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. Methodological choices in signal acquisition significantly impact HRV outcomes more than environmental factors or anxiety.

Keywords:
autonomic nervous systemelectrocardiogramheart rate variabilityphotoplethysmogramreproducibility

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Autonomic Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) is a key indicator of autonomic, emotional, and cognitive functions, frequently measured in neuroimaging.
  • The influence of the stressful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment on resting HRV requires careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a loud and cramped MRI environment on resting HRV measures.
  • To compare HRV recordings obtained during functional MRI with those from a controlled autonomic laboratory setting.
  • To assess the role of anxiety and habituation on HRV during MRI.

Main Methods:

  • 101 healthy subjects underwent 15-minute resting recordings of photoplethysmogram (PPG) during functional MRI and in an autonomic laboratory (LAB).
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) was also recorded in the LAB.
  • Anxiety levels were assessed, and follow-up sessions were conducted in 27 participants to evaluate habituation effects.

Main Results:

  • High consistency (intra-class correlation 0.775–0.996) was observed across conditions.
  • No systematic influence of the MRI environment on HRV was detected when analyzing PPG signals.
  • SDNN and RMSSD values were significantly higher from PPG compared to ECG.
  • Anxiety correlated with decreased HRV from LAB to MRI, but habituation did not alter outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of cardiac signal acquisition (PPG vs. ECG) is a more critical determinant of HRV outcomes than the MRI environment.
  • Psychological factors like anxiety have a less pronounced effect on HRV during MRI than methodological considerations.
  • Standardized PPG signal acquisition may be reliable for HRV assessment in neuroimaging studies.