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Targeting the Gut Mucosal Immune System Using Nanomaterials.

Jacob McCright1, Ann Ramirez1, Mayowa Amosu1

  • 1Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Pharmaceutics
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nanomaterials offer targeted delivery of immunotherapies to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, improving treatment for GI diseases. This approach minimizes systemic side effects by focusing on the GI mucosal immune system.

Keywords:
gastrointestinal tractgut-associated lymphoid tissuesimmunotherapylectinslymph nodemicrofold (M) cellsvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal (GI) tract presents a large mucosal surface, making it a key target for therapeutic delivery, especially immunotherapies.
  • Gastrointestinal diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and infections are increasing, posing a significant public health challenge.
  • Systemic anti-inflammatory treatments can cause adverse effects; local GI tract targeting offers a safer alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanomaterial-based strategies for targeting the GI mucosal immune system.
  • To explore how these strategies can modulate GI inflammation and improve disease outcomes.
  • To leverage natural GI immune mechanisms, such as oral tolerance, for therapeutic benefit.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of nanomaterial applications for localized drug delivery within the GI tract.
  • Analysis of targeting strategies for gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT).
  • Review of methods to engage tissue-resident immune cells and GI lymph nodes.

Main Results:

  • Nanomaterials enable precise delivery of immunotherapeutics to the GI mucosal immune system.
  • Targeted approaches can effectively modulate GI inflammation and influence disease progression.
  • Strategies can harness oral tolerance mechanisms for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterial-based strategies represent a promising approach for localized treatment of GI diseases.
  • Targeting the GI mucosal immune system with nanotherapeutics can improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects.
  • Further research into these strategies holds potential for advancing GI disease management.