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Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Comprehensive Review.

Rory Whelan1,2, Grainne C Hargaden3, Andrew J S Knox1,2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing safe and effective blood-brain barrier (BBB) modulators is crucial for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. This review compares BBB modulator classes over 50 years, examining their advancements and future potential.

Keywords:
BBB modulationBBB permeabilityCNS drug deliveryalzheimersblood-brain barrier (BBB)focused ultrasoundglioblastomahyperosmolar agentsintra-arterial drug deliverytight junction (TJ)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) severely limits therapeutic access to the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Current CNS treatments primarily rely on small, lipophilic drugs due to BBB restrictions.
  • Developing effective BBB modulators is essential for advancing CNS disease therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare diverse classes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) modulators developed over the past five decades.
  • To analyze recent advancements, advantages, and disadvantages of various BBB modulation strategies.
  • To provide insights into the future potential of BBB modulators in CNS drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of BBB modulators.
  • Comparative analysis of different modulator classes based on efficacy, safety, and mechanism.
  • Evaluation of historical trends and recent breakthroughs in BBB modulation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of multiple classes of BBB modulators with varying mechanisms and efficacies.
  • Summary of key advancements in BBB modulation technologies over the last 50 years.
  • Assessment of the strengths and limitations associated with each modulator class.

Conclusions:

  • Blood-brain barrier (BBB) modulation represents a critical area for CNS disease treatment innovation.
  • Continued research and development of BBB modulators promise to expand therapeutic options for neurological disorders.
  • The future of CNS drug development is intrinsically linked to the advancement of safe and effective BBB modulation strategies.