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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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DNA Virus Detection System Based on RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-SPM and Deep Learning
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CRISPR Tackles Emerging Viral Pathogens.

Emily N Kirby1, Byron Shue1, Paul Q Thomas2,3,4

  • 1Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.

Viruses
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR genome editing helps identify viral and cellular factors crucial for virus replication and disease. This technology is vital for developing new antiviral therapies and diagnostics, especially for SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords:
CRISPR KOCRISPRaSARS-CoV-2anti-viralcoronavirusflavivirusgenome editinghost factorspro-viralviral life cycle

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Understanding virus-host interactions is key for antiviral drug development.
  • CRISPR technology has revolutionized the study of viral pathogens.
  • Identifying host factors is crucial for understanding viral replication and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review CRISPR genome editing applications in virology.
  • To highlight CRISPR's role in identifying viral host factors.
  • To discuss CRISPR-based diagnostics for viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • CRISPR knockout screens to identify host factors.
  • CRISPR activation screens for functional genomics.
  • Review of CRISPR systems for diagnostic applications.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR screens effectively identify pro-viral and anti-viral host factors.
  • CRISPR technology has been applied to SARS-CoV-2 research.
  • Class 2 CRISPR systems show promise for viral diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR genome editing is a powerful tool for studying viral life cycles.
  • CRISPR applications extend to the development of antiviral therapies.
  • CRISPR technology offers new avenues for viral diagnostics.