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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

66.5K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
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Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

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Kite-Shaped Molecules Block SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry at a Post-Attachment Step.

Shiu-Wan Chan1, Talha Shafi1, Robert C Ford1

  • 1Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.

Viruses
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified existing drugs effective against SARS-CoV-2 by screening FDA-approved compounds. These antivirals target early viral entry, offering potential for treating coronavirus infections.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2anti-viral screeningpharmacophorepseudovirusspike proteinvirus attachmentvirus entryvirus post-attachment

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Antiviral small molecules for treating coronavirus infections are limited.
  • Drug development timelines are lengthy, necessitating drug repurposing strategies.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant global health threat.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To screen FDA-approved drugs for potential SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity.
  • To identify and characterize novel antiviral compounds through drug repurposing.
  • To explore the potential of existing medications in combating current and future coronavirus outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of FDA-approved compounds using a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system.
  • Determination of inhibitory activity (IC50 values) for identified compounds.
  • Pharmacophore modeling to predict antiviral activity based on molecular structure.

Main Results:

  • Identification of structurally related, "kite-shaped" compounds with moderate antiviral activity (IC50: 2-5 μM).
  • Demonstration of specificity for SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, targeting early viral entry but not attachment.
  • Prevention of viral infection in both kidney- and lung-derived human cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • Repurposing existing drugs offers a viable strategy to accelerate the development of SARS-CoV-2 treatments.
  • The identified compounds show promise for treating coronavirus infections due to their specific mechanism of action and efficacy in human cell lines.
  • The developed pharmacophore accurately predicts antiviral activity, aiding in the discovery of new therapeutic agents.