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Association between Dietary Pattern and Periodontitis-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Ersin Altun1, Carolin Walther1, Katrin Borof1

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Higher adherence to the DASH and Mediterranean diets is linked to reduced odds of developing periodontal disease. This dietary pattern may play a protective role against gum disease.

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DMFTclinical attachment lossdietary patternsnutritionoral healthperiodontal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Oral health research
  • Nutritional epidemiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Periodontal disease is a prevalent oral condition with significant public health implications.
  • Dietary patterns are increasingly recognized as potential modifiable risk factors for various chronic diseases, including periodontal disease.
  • Understanding the relationship between diet and oral health is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adherence to specific dietary patterns and the prevalence of periodontal disease.
  • To evaluate the impact of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and Mediterranean diets on periodontal health.
  • To analyze this relationship in a northern population-based cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 6209 participants in the prospective Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS).
  • Assessed dietary intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ2).
  • Conducted comprehensive periodontal examinations including probing depth, gingival recession, plaque index, and bleeding on probing. Employed ordinal logistic regression for statistical analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Higher adherence to both the DASH and Mediterranean diets was significantly associated with lower odds of having periodontal disease.
  • These associations remained significant after adjusting for key demographic and health factors (age, sex, diabetes).
  • The protective effect was observed irrespective of the severity of periodontal disease.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence supporting a link between adherence to the DASH and Mediterranean diets and a reduced prevalence of periodontal disease.
  • These findings suggest that dietary interventions focusing on these healthy eating patterns could be beneficial for periodontal health.
  • Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is warranted to confirm causality and explore the role of specific nutrients in periodontitis.