Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 11, 2025
13:57
Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective
Published on: July 1, 2015
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Multidimensional structure and measurement invariance of school engagement
1Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
Journal of School Psychology
|November 27, 2021
Summary
This study confirms a three-part structure for school engagement, revealing complex relationships and consistent measurement across diverse student groups. Findings support gender-based differences in engagement levels.
Area of Science:
- Educational Psychology
- Psychometrics
- Adolescent Development
Background:
- Understanding the multidimensional structure of school engagement is crucial for effective educational interventions.
- Previous research has utilized various statistical models, but a comprehensive examination of hierarchical structures and cross-loadings in school engagement is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the multidimensional structure and measurement invariance of a school engagement instrument.
- To investigate the presence of cross-loadings and hierarchical structures within school engagement.
- To assess measurement invariance across gender and race, and explore latent mean differences.
Main Methods:
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)
- Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM)
- Bifactor CFA (BCFA)
- Bifactor ESEM (BESEM)
- Analysis of 1731 students in Grades 9-11 from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development.
Main Results:
- Empirical evidence supported a tripartite factor structure of school engagement.
- The study confirmed the existence of cross-loadings and hierarchical structures.
- Measurement invariance was established across gender (male/female) and race (European American/African American).
- Expected latent mean differences in school engagement were found between genders.
Conclusions:
- The findings provide robust evidence for a multidimensional and hierarchical structure of school engagement.
- The school engagement instrument demonstrates reliable measurement across key demographic groups.
- The study highlights the importance of considering gender in understanding school engagement patterns.
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