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Related Concept Videos

Patch Clamp01:18

Patch Clamp

5.8K
Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...
5.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integration of Fiber Photometry and Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Investigating Neural Modulation in Freely Moving Mice
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Patch Clamp Technology for Focused Ultrasonic (FUS) Neuromodulation.

Eun Sok Kim1, Su-Youne Chang2,3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel patch clamp protocol using focused ultrasound for minimally invasive neuronal stimulation. This technique offers a promising alternative to electrical deep brain stimulation for treating neurological disorders.

Keywords:
Focused ultrasoundPatch clampRat brain sliceSelf-focusing acoustic transducerUltrasonic neural stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and cortical stimulation are established neuromodulation techniques for neurological disorders.
  • Current methods using penetrating electrodes are invasive, causing tissue trauma and foreign-body responses.
  • Surface electrodes lack the spatial resolution for highly localized neural field generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a protocol for patch clamp experiments utilizing focused ultrasound for minimally invasive neuronal stimulation.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of neuromodulation induced by self-focusing acoustic transducers (SFATs).
  • To characterize the neuromodulatory effects of SFAT-based ultrasound stimulation in rat brain slices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of SFATs capable of focusing 2-20 MHz sound waves at submillimeter areas.
  • Patch clamp experiments on rat brain slices to monitor ionic flux and local field potentials.
  • Systematic variation of acoustic stimulation parameters (frequency, intensity, pulse width, etc.) and focal characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using low acoustic energy with SFATs for localized neuronal stimulation without ablation.
  • Established a protocol for intracellular and extracellular patch clamp recordings during ultrasonic stimulation.
  • Provided initial characterization of neuromodulatory functions evoked by SFATs in brain slices.

Conclusions:

  • SFAT-based ultrasound stimulation offers a minimally invasive approach for neuronal modulation.
  • Patch clamp experiments provide critical insights into the biological mechanisms of ultrasonic neural stimulation.
  • This technique holds potential as a non-invasive alternative to electrical stimulation for treating neurological disorders like epilepsy.