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Risk Factors for the Development of Pneumonia and Severe Pneumonia in Children

Jagdish Prasad Goyal1, Prawin Kumar2, Aparna Mukherjee3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Correspondence to: Dr. Jagdish Prasad Goyal, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, Jodhpur 340 003, Rajasthan. jpgoyal@rediffmail.com.

Indian Pediatrics
|November 27, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Young children and those with undernutrition are at higher risk for pneumonia. This study identified key risk factors for childhood pneumonia and severe pneumonia in India.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pneumonia remains a leading cause of child mortality globally.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the risk factors associated with pneumonia and severe pneumonia in children.
  • To inform public health initiatives aimed at reducing childhood pneumonia.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study conducted across five tertiary-care teaching hospitals in India.
  • Enrolled 7026 children aged 2 to 59 months with acute respiratory infection (ARI).
  • Assessed risk factors for World Health Organization (WHO) defined pneumonia and severe pneumonia.

Main Results:

  • 13.4% of enrolled children were diagnosed with pneumonia, and 36.9% of those had severe pneumonia.
  • Univariate analysis indicated younger age, male gender, and low weight-for-height as significant risk factors.
  • Multivariate analysis revealed a protective effect of increased age and weight-for-height z-score.

Conclusions:

  • Young age and undernutrition (low weight-for-height/length) are significant independent risk factors for childhood pneumonia.
  • Findings highlight the importance of nutritional status and age in pneumonia risk assessment.
  • The study provides valuable data for targeted interventions in high-risk pediatric populations.
Abstract

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