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Mediators between physical activity and academic achievement: A systematic review
María Eugenia Visier-Alfonso1, Mairena Sánchez-López2, Celia Álvarez-Bueno1,3
1Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|November 27, 2021
Summary
Physical activity (PA) positively impacts academic achievement (AA) through mediators like fitness and mental well-being. Further research is needed to confirm causal links between PA and AA in children and adolescents.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Sports Science
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Physical activity (PA) is linked to academic achievement (AA), but underlying mechanisms are unclear.
- Potential mediators include physiological, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral pathways.
- Understanding these mediators is crucial for optimizing interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically analyze potential mediators between PA and AA in children and adolescents.
- To synthesize evidence from observational and experimental studies.
- To identify key factors influencing the PA-AA relationship.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across major databases (Medline, Scopus, etc.) up to March 2021.
- Inclusion of observational and experimental studies involving children and adolescents (aged 4-16).
- Quality assessment of included studies rated as medium-high.
Main Results:
- Fitness and cognition showed positive mediation in several studies.
- Mental well-being and certain health behaviors were also identified as potential mediators.
- Adiposity showed mixed results, and behavioral mediation was sparsely supported.
- Self-esteem, self-image, self-efficacy, and stress emerged as potential mediators.
Conclusions:
- Cardiorespiratory fitness, cognition, mental well-being, and exercise behaviors likely mediate the PA-AA relationship.
- The predominantly cross-sectional design limits causal inference.
- Well-designed longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to confirm causal pathways.
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