Lipid-Activatable Fluorescent Probe for Intraoperative Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque Using In Situ Patch

The surgical removal of lesions is among the most common and effective treatments for atherosclerosis. It is often the only curative treatment option, and the ability to visualize the full extent of atherosclerotic plaque during the operation has major implications for the therapeutic outcome. Fluorescence imaging is a promising approach for the inspection of atherosclerotic plaques during surgery. However, there is no systematic strategy for intraoperative fluorescent imaging in atherosclerosis. In this study, the in situ attachment of a lipid-activatable fluorescent probe (CN-N2)-soaked patch to the outer arterial surface is reported for rapid and precise localization of the atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-deficient mouse during surgery. Stable imaging of the plaque is conducted within 5 min via rapid recognition of abnormally accumulated lipid droplets (LDs) in foam cells. Furthermore, the plaque/normal ratio (P/N) is significantly enhanced to facilitate surgical delineation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Visible fluorescence bioimaging using lipid-activatable probes can accurately delineate plaque sizes down to diameters of <0.5 mm, and the images can be swiftly captured within the stable plaque imaging time window. These findings on intraoperative fluorescent imaging of plaques via the in situ attachment of the CN-N2 patch hold promise for effective clinical applications.