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The association between 2,4-D and serum testosterone levels: NHANES 2013-2014.

F E Glover¹, F Del Giudice², F Belladelli²

¹Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. gloverfrank975@gmail.com.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation

|November 27, 2021

Summary

Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was associated with lower mean serum testosterone levels in U.S. adult men. However, no significant link was found between 2,4-D and the odds of having abnormally low testosterone.

Keywords:

2,4-D Endocrine disruption Herbicides Hypogonadism Testosterone

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Endocrinology
Toxicology

Background:

Previous research on herbicides like 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its effects on hormone production, particularly low testosterone, has yielded conflicting results.
Studies in human, rodent, and cell models have explored this association, but conclusive evidence remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between urinary 2,4-D concentrations and serum testosterone levels in adult men.
To assess the potential impact of 2,4-D exposure on testosterone levels within a representative U.S. population.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from 456 adult men participating in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Employed multivariable regression models to analyze the association between urinary 2,4-D levels and serum testosterone, adjusting for potential confounders.
Used logistic regression to examine the relationship between 2,4-D and the likelihood of abnormally low testosterone (serum testosterone < 300 ng/dL).

Main Results:

A statistically significant negative association was observed between urinary 2,4-D concentrations and mean serum testosterone levels in U.S. adult males (β = -11.4 ng/dL, p = 0.02).
No significant association was found between 2,4-D exposure and the odds of having abnormally low testosterone when using a cutoff of < 300 ng/dL.

Conclusions:

The findings support previous research suggesting a role for 2,4-D in the development of low testosterone and hormonal imbalances.
Further research is necessary to confirm these results, evaluate their clinical relevance, and elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.
This study contributes to understanding the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of common herbicides.