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Biomechanical factors affecting individuals with lower limb amputations running using running-specific prostheses: A
Firdous Hadj-Moussa1, Calvin C Ngan1, Jan Andrysek1
1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada.
Gait & Posture
|November 27, 2021
Summary
Running-specific prostheses (RSPs) help amputees run by using compensatory strategies. Proper RSP design and fitting are crucial for performance and preventing injury, especially for the intact limb.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Rehabilitation Engineering
Background:
- Running-specific prostheses (RSPs) are designed to facilitate high-level athletic participation for individuals with lower limb amputations.
- Understanding the biomechanical impact of RSPs is crucial for optimizing performance and safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of running-specific prostheses (RSPs) on the running biomechanics of individuals with lower limb amputations.
- To synthesize current research on RSP use in amputee runners.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed across six databases up to July 2021.
- Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, assessing study quality.
- A total of 35 articles were included in the review.
Main Results:
- Force production is a key limitation of RSPs.
- Amputee runners utilize compensatory strategies, adjusting step frequency, contact length, and joint kinetics.
- Leg stiffness modulation and RSP design/fitting significantly influence running biomechanics.
- Increased loading on the intact limb in unilateral amputees may raise injury risk.
Conclusions:
- Runners with lower limb amputations adapt their biomechanics using compensatory strategies to enhance performance.
- RSP characteristics (height, stiffness, shape, alignment) are critical for optimizing biomechanics and should guide design and fitting.
- Future research should explore RSPs in recreational settings, pediatric populations, specific amputation levels, and the effects of training and technique.
