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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

34.7K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

173
Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
173
Mutations01:35

Mutations

41.3K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
41.3K
Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

251
Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...
251
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

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Emerging mutation patterns in SARS-CoV-2 variants.

David A Ostrov1, Glenn W Knox2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants share mutation patterns in spike glycoproteins, impacting transmissibility and immune evasion. Understanding these changes is crucial for developing new antiviral drugs and vaccines.

Keywords:
COVIDImmune evasionMutationsSARS-CoV-2Transmissibility

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Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
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Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
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Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (e.g., alpha, beta, gamma, delta) present significant public health challenges.
  • These variants exhibit distinct mutation patterns in the spike glycoprotein, influencing viral properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the functional effects of mutations in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
  • To identify common mutation patterns associated with enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mutation patterns in spike glycoproteins of Variants of Concern (VOCs) and Variants of Interest (VOIs).
  • Focus on mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD), Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), interchain contacts, and furin cleavage site.

Main Results:

  • Four key mutation patterns were identified in VOCs: NTD, RBD, interchain contacts, and furin cleavage site.
  • The NTD harbors the most distinguishing mutations, often in structurally flexible regions.
  • Emerging VOIs (mu, lambda, C.1.2) display similar mutation patterns to VOCs.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants consistently emerge with specific mutation patterns.
  • These patterns provide a foundation for developing next-generation antiviral therapies and vaccine candidates.
  • Continued monitoring of viral mutations is essential for pandemic preparedness.