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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
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Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Impact of Intergenic Interactions on Disease-Identifying Dark Biomarkers
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Predictive modeling of gene expression regulation.

Chiara Regondi1, Maddalena Fratelli2, Giovanna Damia3

  • 1Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy. chiara.regondi@mail.polimi.it.

BMC Bioinformatics
|November 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a quantitative method to analyze gene regulatory networks in ovarian cancer, identifying key relationships for potential therapeutic targets. The approach reveals known and novel biological connections for clinical applications.

Keywords:
CancerGene expression regulationMachine learningPredictive modelingRegulatory network

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Understanding cancer requires in-depth analysis of gene regulatory networks.
  • Identifying key genes in aberrant gene expression is crucial for targeted cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a quantitative approach for investigating biological relationships among regulatory elements and target genes.
  • To analyze gene regulation in Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma focusing on DNA REPAIR, STEM CELLS, and GLUCOSE METABOLISM pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a predictive linear model using ENCODE and TCGA data.
  • Assessed relationships between gene expression, promoter methylation, pathway gene expression, and transcription factors.
  • Validated the approach in basal-like Breast cancer and with the ARACNe algorithm.

Main Results:

  • Built predictive models for 177 target genes in Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma.
  • Identified known and novel gene correlations and regulatory elements.
  • Confirmed the reliability and significance of the quantitative analysis approach.

Conclusions:

  • The models revealed gene-process relations and inter-pathway connections.
  • Disclosed relevant regulatory elements at the single gene level.
  • Unveiled potentially significant unknown biological relationships for pharmacological and clinical use.