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Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

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Decolonizing drug policy.

Colleen Daniels1, Aggrey Aluso2, Naomi Burke-Shyne3

  • 1Harm Reduction International (HRI), 61 Mansell Street, Aldgate, London, E1 8AN, UK. colleen.daniels@hri.global.

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|November 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug control policies perpetuate colonial oppression and racial injustice, disproportionately harming Black, Brown, and Indigenous peoples. Reforming drug policy requires decriminalization, ending mass incarceration, and shifting funds to health and social programs.

Keywords:
Drug control policyHuman rightsWar on drugs

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Drug control policies have historically been used by Western nations to maintain colonial power structures and exploit resources.
  • Racist and xenophobic impacts of drug control are evident in discriminatory enforcement and disproportionate targeting of marginalized communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the role of drug control in upholding colonial power.
  • To demonstrate the racist and xenophobic consequences of current drug policies.
  • To propose a framework for reforming drug policy towards health, dignity, and human rights.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing evidence on drug control and its historical context.
  • Analysis of the impact of drug policies on racialized hierarchies and marginalized populations.
  • Examination of current drug policies' contribution to drug-related harms and criminal enterprises.

Main Results:

  • Drug control has been instrumental in advancing colonial exploitation and sustaining racialized hierarchies.
  • Black, Brown, and Indigenous peoples face disproportionately higher rates of drug law enforcement, arrest, prosecution, and incarceration.
  • Current punitive drug policies exacerbate drug-related deaths and support criminal enterprises, negatively impacting society.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for comprehensive drug policy reform to dismantle oppressive systems.
  • A three-pillared approach is proposed: decriminalization of drugs and use, ending mass incarceration of drug users, and redirecting funds to health and social programs.
  • Reformed drug policies should prioritize health, dignity, and human rights over punitive measures.