Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...

Ureters

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Osr1-expressing mesoderm contributes to lymphatic vessel assembly and complexity in the mammalian kidney.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

A life course approach to preventing chronic kidney disease by limiting long-term consequences of early adverse events.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·2026

Same author

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages modify development of human kidney organoids: a preliminary study.

Nephron·2026

Same author

Letter to the Editor re: "Genomic testing in pediatric urology: Implications for diagnosis and management".

Journal of pediatric urology·2026

Same author

Molecular genotype-phenotype correlation in ACTB- and ACTG1-related non-muscle actinopathies.

American journal of human genetics·2026

Same author

The biology of congenital urinary bladder outflow obstruction.

Trends in molecular medicine·2025

Same journal

Illness Uncertainty in Caregivers of Children with Esophageal Atresia: Determinants and Item-Level Patterns in a Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2026

Same journal

Posterior Tracheopexy for Pediatric Tracheomalacia: A Global Evidence Synthesis and Meta-analysis.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2026

Same journal

Reimagining the Surgical Safety Checklist Through a Pediatric Lens.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2026

Same journal

Bridge Fixation Provides Consistent Implant Stability Across Surgical Techniques: A Multicenter Study.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2026

Same journal

National Benchmarks for Penetrating Head Injury in U.S. Children and Adolescents: Mechanism, Intent, and Disparities in Mortality.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2026

Same journal

Long-Term Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of a Standardized Gastroschisis Feeding Protocol: a retrospective cohort study.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Published on: June 13, 2025

Building human renal tracts.

Adrian S Woolf¹

¹Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, Northern Ireland M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Manchester, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

|November 28, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are developing functional kidney tissues from human pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine. While organoids show promise, challenges like vascularization and urinary tract integration must be addressed for clinical application.

Keywords:

Collecting duct Implant Nephron Pluripotent stem cell Ureter

More Related Videos

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

Published on: March 27, 2018

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

Published on: October 20, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Published on: June 13, 2025

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

Published on: March 27, 2018

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

Published on: October 20, 2015

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Millions worldwide suffer from severe kidney failure, including children with congenital renal tract abnormalities.
Limited kidney transplant availability and long-term dialysis pose significant challenges, failing to fully mitigate uraemia.
Advancements in stem cell technology, developmental biology, and genetics offer potential for novel kidney disease therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review progress in generating functional kidney tissues from human pluripotent stem cells.
To explore the potential of pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids for regenerative medicine.
To identify current limitations and future directions for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

Generation of kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells in culture.
Enhancement of organoid differentiation through implantation into immunodeficient mice.
Utilizing pluripotent stem cell technology to create 'diseases in a dish' models.

Main Results:

Pluripotent stem cells can form organoids containing immature glomeruli and tubules.
In vivo implantation improves the differentiation of kidney organoids.
Pluripotent stem cell models aid in understanding the pathobiology of renal tract malformations.

Conclusions:

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids represent a promising step towards regenerative therapies for kidney failure.
Overcoming limitations such as organoid size, vascularization, and urinary tract integration is crucial for clinical translation.
Stem cell-based disease models are valuable tools for investigating congenital kidney diseases.