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Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
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Refining male injectables in aesthetics.

Daniel A Yanes1, Terrence C Keaney2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Clinics in Dermatology
|November 28, 2021
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Summary

Men seeking cosmetic procedures need tailored treatments due to biological and behavioral differences. Practitioners should adjust injectable neuromodulator doses and filler placement for optimal male aesthetic results.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Cosmetic Surgery

Background:

  • Increasing interest in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures among men.
  • Gender-specific differences in cutaneous biology and anatomy necessitate modified aesthetic treatments.
  • Variations in photoaging and sun protection practices between genders may be linked to societal gender roles and skincare stigma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological, anatomical, and behavioral aspects of men relevant to cosmetic injectable treatments.
  • To highlight the nuances required for effectively treating male patients with injectables.
  • To inform practitioners about gender-specific considerations in aesthetic medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pertinent biological, anatomical, and behavioral factors in men.
  • Analysis of gender differences in skin aging and care practices.
  • Evaluation of aesthetic goals and treatment modifications for male patients.

Main Results:

  • Men may require higher doses of injectable neuromodulators due to greater facial muscle mass and strength.
  • Injectable soft-tissue fillers should be used to achieve a typically masculine facial structure, including a squared jawline and specific cheek projection.
  • Treatment approaches for male and female patients differ significantly in the aesthetic setting.

Conclusions:

  • Aesthetic injectable treatments for men require specific modifications compared to women.
  • Practitioners must consider gender-specific anatomical and physiological differences for successful outcomes.
  • Tailored approaches are essential for addressing the unique needs of male patients in cosmetic procedures.