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COVID-19 Infections and Asthma.
Philip A Palmon1, Daniel J Jackson2, Loren C Denlinger1
1Division of Allergy, Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wis.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|November 28, 2021
Summary
Asthma is not a risk factor for severe COVID-19, contrary to initial hypotheses. Patients with asthma generally have similar clinical outcomes to those without asthma, and long-haul COVID is not more prevalent.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global pandemic.
- Initial hypotheses suggested asthma as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 due to links between asthma exacerbations and viral illnesses.
- Understanding asthma's role in COVID-19 severity is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate whether asthma is a risk factor for severe COVID-19.
- To explore potential biological mechanisms influencing COVID-19 outcomes in asthma patients.
- To provide guidance on vaccination, treatment, and long-term care for asthma patients with COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients with and without asthma.
- Analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor expression in respiratory epithelium.
- Examination of prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in asthma population.
Main Results:
- Clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients with asthma are similar to those without asthma.
- No convincing evidence supports asthma as a risk factor for severe COVID-19.
- Reduced ACE2 receptor expression in asthma patients may contribute to similar outcomes.
- Systemic corticosteroids cautioned for non-hypoxic asthma patients due to potential for worse outcomes.
- Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome prevalence is not higher in asthma patients.
Conclusions:
- Asthma does not appear to be a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19.
- Vaccination is recommended for asthma patients.
- Tailored COVID-19 treatments and cautious use of systemic corticosteroids are advised.
- A multidisciplinary approach is recommended for managing long-term COVID-19 effects in asthma patients.
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