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Related Concept Videos

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...
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Consider a ring of radius R with a uniform charge density λ. What will the electric potential be at point M, which is located on the axis of the ring at a distance x from the center of the ring?
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In mechanical engineering, the concept of equivalent couples plays a crucial role in understanding and analyzing various mechanical systems.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy
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Radial vibration analysis for functionally graded ring piezoelectric transducers based on electromechanical

Sha Wang1, Junjie Shan2, Shuyu Lin1

  • 1Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Institute of Applied Acoustics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.

Ultrasonics
|November 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new functionally graded ring piezoelectric transducer (FG-rPET) design and analytical model address cracking issues. This innovation enhances performance and service life for piezoelectric devices in various applications.

Keywords:
Electromechanical equivalent circuitFunctionally graded ring piezoelectric transducerRadial vibrationResonance frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Ring piezoelectric transducers (rPETs) are crucial for hydro-acoustics, structural health monitoring, and energy harvesting.
  • Cracks at the metal-ceramic interface in rPETs due to stress concentration limit device performance and lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a novel functionally graded ring piezoelectric transducer (FG-rPET) to overcome the limitations of conventional rPETs.
  • To develop an accurate analytical system, including a three-port electromechanical equivalent circuit model (EECM), for analyzing FG-rPETs.
  • To investigate the regulation of vibration characteristics and effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (k_eff) in FG-rPETs.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a novel functionally graded ring piezoelectric transducer (FG-rPET).
  • Development of a three-port electromechanical equivalent circuit model (EECM) for analyzing radial vibration.
  • Validation of the EECM using experimental data and finite element method (FEM) analysis.

Main Results:

  • The proposed three-port EECM accurately models FG-rPETs and is generalizable to conventional rPETs.
  • Vibration characteristics (resonance/anti-resonance frequencies, k_eff) are tunable via inhomogeneity index and wall thickness.
  • Significantly enhanced k_eff at second modes was achieved for FG-rPETs with specific wall thicknesses.

Conclusions:

  • The developed analytical system provides crucial guidance for optimizing piezoelectric device structures.
  • The designed FG-rPET shows potential to surpass the mechanical property limitations of conventional rPETs.
  • FG-rPETs offer improved performance and durability for applications in hydro-acoustics, structural health monitoring, and energy harvesting.