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Induction of Periodontitis via a Combination of Ligature and Lipopolysaccharide Injection in a Rat Model
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Functional Adaptation of LPS-affected Dentoalveolar Fibrous Joints in Rats.

Bo Wang1, Putu Ustriyana1, Caleb S Tam1,2

  • 1Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, US.

Journal of Periodontal Research
|November 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure alters dentoalveolar joint (DAJ) biomechanics and structure, increasing tooth displacement and rotation. Cementum

Keywords:
Biomechanicscementumdentoalveolar jointendotoxinfluorochromehistomorphometricsmorphometricsperiodontal ligament (PDL)periodontal tissues/periodontium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Oral Biology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The dentoalveolar joint (DAJ) comprises cementum, alveolar bone, and the periodontal ligament (PDL), crucial for tooth function.
  • Understanding the DAJ's structural and biomechanical response to inflammatory stimuli like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is vital for oral health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the spatial and temporal structural and biomechanical properties of the DAJ in an LPS-affected model.
  • To investigate the interplay between cementum, alveolar bone, and PDL space under inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Micro-X-ray computed tomography (5 µm resolution) and in situ biomechanical testing were used on rat hemi-maxillae.
  • Temporal variations in bone and cementum volume fractions were evaluated.
  • Mineral apposition rates (MAR) were assessed using fluorochrome signals and fast Fourier transform analysis.

Main Results:

  • LPS-affected DAJ showed increased tooth displacement and rotation, with altered bone effective strain.
  • Periodontal ligament space (PDL-space) increased, particularly in the coronal regions, with significant differences observed over time.
  • Cementum exhibited faster, nonlinear growth, while alveolar bone showed site-specific nonlinear growth patterns and increased MAR.

Conclusions:

  • Cementum and bone exhibit anatomy-specific responses to LPS, contributing to altered PDL-space and tooth movement.
  • The DAJ demonstrates resilience through nonlinear growth of cementum and adaptive changes in bone architecture and PDL-space.
  • Cementum acts as a compensatory mechanism, and spatial shifts in bone and cementum highlight adaptive responses to sustain DAJ function.