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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies
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Graphene-like Carbon from Calcium Hydroxide.

Alexander T Brown1, Jason Lin1, Juan P Vizuet1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States.

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Summary

Researchers developed inexpensive, eco-friendly graphene-like carbon from calcium hydroxide using chemical vapor deposition. This novel method yields high surface area and electrical conductivity, paving the way for industrial applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Graphene-like carbon materials are crucial for industrial applications.
  • Developing cost-effective and sustainable production methods is essential.
  • Calcium hydroxide presents a promising, inexpensive precursor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize graphene-like carbon structures from calcium hydroxide.
  • To investigate the catalytic properties of calcium hydroxide for carbon growth.
  • To explore various carbon morphologies and their properties.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical vapor deposition using acetylene, steam, and calcium hydroxide.
  • Characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
  • Optimization of deposition time, steam concentration, and catalyst morphology.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced crumpled carbon with a surface area of 1276 m²/g and electrical conductivity >10⁵ S/m.
  • Identified the significance of the C 1s XPS π-π* plasmon loss peak for high conductivity.
  • Synthesized diverse carbon morphologies including hollow nanospheres, carbon nanotubes, and graphene fibers.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium hydroxide is an effective catalyst for producing various graphene-like carbons.
  • The proposed mechanism involving calcium acetylide offers insights into the catalytic process.
  • The developed method is scalable and the catalyst is recyclable, supporting industrial viability.