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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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[Intestinal flora and neurological disorders].

Qianqian Tang1, Lihua Cao1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Nanjing 210031, Jiangsu, China.

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|November 29, 2021
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The human intestinal flora, or gut microbiome, is linked to neurological disorders through the gut-brain axis. Research is exploring microbiome alterations and interventions for conditions like autism and Parkinson's disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of trillions of bacteria.
  • Imbalances in gut flora are associated with various diseases, including neurological disorders.
  • The gut-brain axis facilitates bidirectional communication between the intestinal flora and the nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of altered intestinal flora in neurological disorders.
  • To summarize intervention strategies targeting the gut microbiome.
  • To highlight the current state and future directions of research in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gut flora and neurological conditions.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis to neurological dysfunction.
  • Synthesis of data on therapeutic interventions for gut microbiome modulation.

Main Results:

  • Altered intestinal flora patterns are observed across a spectrum of neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia.
  • Mechanisms involve neuroinflammation, gut barrier dysfunction, and modulation of the vagus nerve and HPA axis.
  • Microbial metabolites also contribute to neurological pathology.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.
  • Further research is needed to establish causality and elucidate underlying mechanisms for precise clinical interventions.
  • Targeting the intestinal flora holds promise for novel therapeutic approaches in neurology.