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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Analysis of the Lipid Composition of Mycobacteria by Thin Layer Chromatography
Published on: April 16, 2021
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycolic Acids by Multiple-Stage Linear Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry
Cheryl Frankfater1, Hideji Fujiwara1, Spencer J Williams2
1Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 United States.
Abstract:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cells are known to synthesize very long chain (C60-90) structurally complex mycolic acids with various functional groups. In this study, we applied linear ion-trap (LIT) multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MS), combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry to study the mechanisms underlying the fragmentation processes of mycolic acid standards desorbed as lithiated adduct ions by ESI. This is followed by structural characterization of a Mtb mycolic acid family (Bovine strain). Using the insight fragmentation processes gained from the study, we are able to achieve a near complete characterization of the whole mycolic acid family, revealing the identity of the α-alkyl chain, the location of the functional groups including methyl, methoxy, and keto groups along the meroaldehyde chain in each lipid species. This study showcased the power of LIT MS toward structural determination of complex lipids in a mixture, which would be otherwise very difficult to define using other analytical techniques.
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