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Hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycol in adults and children: An emerging challenge

Annamaria Bianchi1, Paolo Bottau2, Elisabetta Calamelli3

  • 1UOC Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, Roma, 00152 Italy. annamaria.bianchi9@yahoo.it.

Acta Bio-Medica : Atenei Parmensis
|November 29, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hypersensitivity reactions to polyethylene glycol (PEG) are an increasing concern, particularly with COVID-19 vaccines. This review highlights diagnostic challenges and proposes management strategies for patients experiencing PEG allergies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a common ingredient in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products.
  • PEG hypersensitivity is an emerging issue, linked to anaphylaxis following COVID-19 vaccination.
  • Inconsistent nomenclature and labeling complicate the identification of PEG in products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review reported cases of hypersensitivity reactions to PEG.
  • To propose a standardized allergy work-up protocol for suspected PEG allergy.
  • To outline management strategies for patients with PEG hypersensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published cases of PEG hypersensitivity.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches and clinical presentations.
  • Development of a proposed allergy work-up and management plan.

Main Results:

  • PEG is a frequent excipient in various medications, often unlabelled.
  • Patients may experience recurrent reactions due to unrecognized PEG exposure.
  • Diagnostic challenges include lack of standardized testing and product information.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of PEG hypersensitivity requires awareness and systematic investigation.
  • Standardized allergy work-up and clear product labeling are crucial for patient safety.
  • Effective management involves avoidance of PEG and appropriate therapeutic interventions.

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