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Types of RNA01:23

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis
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Small RNAs Asserting Big Roles in Mycobacteria.

Fatma S Coskun1, Przemysław Płociński2, Nicolai S C van Oers1,3

  • 1Departments of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9093, USA.

Non-Coding RNA
|November 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are abundant in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium causing tuberculosis. This review details their identification, function, and the methods used to study these crucial sncRNAs.

Keywords:
RNA processingmycobacteriasmall RNAssncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), affects millions globally.
  • Recent Mtb transcriptome studies reveal abundant noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) during various growth phases and infection.
  • These ncRNAs include small RNAs (sRNAs, 50-350 nts) and smaller RNAs (sncRNAs, <50 nts).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an up-to-date review of Mtb-encoded sRNAs and sncRNAs.
  • To summarize their identification, designation, and known functions.
  • To highlight methodological advances and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on Mtb noncoding RNAs.
  • Description of RNA sequencing strategies.
  • Discussion of small RNA antagonists and locked nucleic acid probes.

Main Results:

  • Mtb expresses a variety of sRNAs and sncRNAs.
  • Methodological advances facilitate their study.
  • Initial insights into expression regulation and processing are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the biological and pathogenic roles of Mtb sncRNAs.
  • Further research is needed to define their precise functions in mycobacterial biology and pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these ncRNAs may offer new therapeutic targets for tuberculosis.