Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 11, 2025
06:05
Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
Published on: October 12, 2017
15.8K
Persistent Anhydramnios and Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction in a Patient With a Vesicoamniotic Shunt
Arthi Hannallah1, Zoë Baker1, Andy Y Chang1
1Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Urology
|November 29, 2021
Summary
Persistent anhydramnios in a fetus, even after shunt placement, can indicate underlying issues. This case highlights the importance of investigating further for conditions like posterior urethral valves and shunt migration.
Area of Science:
- Fetal Medicine
- Pediatric Urology
- Neonatal Surgery
Background:
- Persistent anhydramnios (low amniotic fluid) post-vesicoamniotic shunt is rare.
- Shunts are used to treat fetal urinary tract obstruction.
Observation:
- A male fetus at 32 weeks presented with hydroureteronephrosis, a distended bladder, and anhydramnios.
- An amniotic fluid shunt was placed, but anhydramnios persisted.
Findings:
- Postnatal diagnosis revealed a migrated shunt, severe left vesicoureteral reflux, and posterior urethral valves.
- The infant underwent successful posterior urethral valve ablation and shunt removal.
Implications:
- This case underscores the need for thorough postnatal investigation when anhydramnios persists after fetal shunting.
- Early diagnosis and treatment of posterior urethral valves and shunt complications are crucial for favorable outcomes.
- Successful management led to a 2-year-old child with no urinary tract infections or renal decline.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management
55
The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
55
01:20Disorders of the Urinary System
557
The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
557
01:29Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
189
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
189
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
78
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
78
01:19Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
290
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
290
01:27Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction
88
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
88