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Microbiome composition resulting from different substrates influences trichloroethene dechlorination performance.

Wei-Yu Chen1, Jer-Horng Wu2

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Center of Microbiome Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.

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|November 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Different substrates significantly impact microbial communities and organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) activity for trichloroethene (TCE) bioremediation. Molasses enhanced TCE dechlorination, while soybean oil boosted Dehalococcoides growth.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Bioremediation Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) mediate reductive dechlorination of contaminants like trichloroethene (TCE).
  • Hydrogen-releasing substrates are crucial for OHRB activity, but their impact on microbial community assembly and OHRB growth is not fully understood.
  • Understanding substrate effects is key for optimizing bioremediation strategies for chlorinated solvents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different substrates (acetate, soybean oil, molasses) influence microbial community structure and function.
  • To determine the effects of these substrates on the growth of key OHRB, particularly Dehalococcoides.
  • To elucidate the relationship between substrate-driven microbiome changes and the efficiency of reductive dechlorination of TCE.

Main Methods:

  • Three anaerobic reactors were established using acetate, soybean oil, or molasses as sole substrates.
  • Microbial community structures and predicted metagenomes were analyzed.
  • The reductive dechlorination of TCE and the growth of Dehalococcoides were monitored.
  • No exogenous cobalamin or amino acid supplementation was provided.

Main Results:

  • The molasses-fed reactor showed superior TCE dechlorination performance, converting TCE to ethene.
  • The soybean oil-fed reactor supported high growth rates of Dehalococcoides, a key OHRB.
  • Distinct microbial communities and metabolic potentials (vitamin/amino acid metabolism, fermentation) developed in each reactor.
  • The molasses-induced microbiome demonstrated a high potential for cobalamin synthesis, correlating with enhanced Dehalococcoides activity.

Conclusions:

  • Substrate choice significantly shapes microbial communities and influences OHRB performance in TCE bioremediation.
  • Molasses promotes overall dechlorination, potentially via enhanced cobalamin production supporting Dehalococcoides.
  • Soybean oil specifically enhances Dehalococcoides proliferation.
  • These findings offer insights for tailoring bioremediation strategies, including potential amino acid supplementation, for effective chlorinated solvent cleanup.