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Deciphering anthropogenic uranium sources in the equatorial northwest Pacific margin.

Jixin Qiao1, Daniela Ransby2, Peter Steier3

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

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|November 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

High-resolution records show anthropogenic uranium (236U and 233U) in Philippine Sea sediments. Peaks reveal distinct signals from Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG) and global nuclear weapons testing fallout.

Keywords:
Global falloutPacific proving groundsPhilippine SeaSediment coreUranium-233Uranium-236

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Geochemistry
  • Radiochemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Anthropogenic radionuclides, specifically uranium isotopes (236U and 233U), serve as tracers for nuclear activities.
  • Sediment cores provide valuable archives for reconstructing past environmental contamination events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the first high-resolution deposition records of anthropogenic uranium isotopes (236U and 233U) in the Philippine Sea.
  • To differentiate and quantify contributions from local (Pacific Proving Grounds) and global nuclear weapons testing fallout.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a sediment core from the continental slope off Mindanao Island, Philippines.
  • High-resolution measurement of 236U and 233U concentrations and isotopic ratios.
  • Calculation of areal cumulative inventories and source apportionment.

Main Results:

  • Observed two distinct peaks in 236U and 233U concentrations, correlating with 1951-1957 (PPG) and 1960s-1980s (global fallout) periods.
  • Inventories of 236U and 233U were 20-30% of reported global fallout values.
  • Estimated global fallout contributed 69% and PPG fallout 31% to the 236U in the sediment core.

Conclusions:

  • The Philippine Sea sediment core effectively records both close-in and global fallout signals from anthropogenic uranium.
  • Continuous scavenging of dissolved 236U by sinking particles is the primary mechanism for its deposition in these sediments.
  • This study enhances our understanding of radionuclide transport and deposition in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.