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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
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Knee Joint01:23

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
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Extraarticular joint ankylosis: a rare presentation.

Saurabh Kumar1, Arun Paul Charllu2

  • 1Dental and Oral Surgery Unit-1, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India dr.s.kumar.bds@gmail.com.

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|November 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudoankylosis, a rare cause of limited mouth opening, involves issues outside the temporomandibular joint. Surgical removal of excess coronoid bone (coronoidectomy) successfully restored function in a recent case.

Keywords:
dentistry and oral medicinemouthoral and maxillofacial surgeryotolaryngology / ENTradiology (diagnostics)

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Orthodontics
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Pseudoankylosis is a rare condition characterized by limited mouth opening, often due to external temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues.
  • Literature commonly describes pseudoankylosis as fusion of the zygomatic bone to the coronoid process.
  • Less frequently, insidious coronoid hyperplasia can cause mechanical interference, leading to hypomobility.

Observation:

  • A 45-year-old female patient presented with progressive difficulty in opening her mouth.
  • The patient exhibited coronoid malformation and overgrowth, causing the restricted jaw movement.
  • This condition, outside the temporomandibular joint, led to significant mouth opening limitations.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition was diagnosed as pseudoankylosis secondary to coronoid malformation and hyperplasia.
  • A surgical intervention, coronoidectomy, was performed to address the bony overgrowth.
  • The procedure effectively removed the mechanical obstruction, allowing for improved mouth opening.

Implications:

  • This case highlights coronoidectomy as an effective treatment for pseudoankylosis caused by coronoid hyperplasia.
  • Early diagnosis and surgical management are crucial for restoring function in such rare cases.
  • Further research into the etiology and optimal management strategies for pseudoankylosis is warranted.