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Related Concept Videos

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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Neonatal lupus: a clinical challenge.

Filipa Costa Cascais1, Sofia Fraga2, Sandra Sousa3

  • 1Paediatrics, Hospital Garcia de Orta EPE, Almada, Setúbal, Portugal filipa.c.cascais@gmail.com.

BMJ Case Reports
|November 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal lupus, a rare condition, presents with skin rashes caused by maternal antibodies. Diagnosis involves detecting anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in mother and child, with lesions typically resolving within a year.

Keywords:
dermatologyinfant healthrheumatology

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Neonatal lupus is an uncommon autoimmune condition.
  • Characterized by transplacental transfer of maternal autoantibodies (anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB).
  • Primary manifestations include cutaneous and cardiac involvement.

Observation:

  • Presents a case of a 4-month-old infant with a 2-month history of a cutaneous eruption.
  • The infant exhibited elevated liver enzymes.
  • No significant personal or family history of autoimmune diseases was noted.

Findings:

  • Skin biopsy histology prompted an autoimmune workup.
  • Diagnosis of neonatal lupus was confirmed by positive anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in both mother and infant.
  • Cardiac evaluation revealed no abnormalities.

Implications:

  • Cutaneous lesions are the most common non-cardiac feature of neonatal lupus.
  • These skin manifestations are typically self-limited, resolving within the first year of life.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging in cases lacking family history or cardiac involvement.