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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
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Dual vortex breakdown in a two-fluid whirlpool.

Sergey G Skripkin1,2, Bulat R Sharifullin3,4, Igor V Naumov3,4

  • 1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090. skripkin.s.g@gmail.com.

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Researchers studied vortex breakdown in swirling two-fluid flows within bioreactors. They observed dual vortex breakdown phenomena, crucial for optimizing culture growth and mixing in bioreactor designs.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Bioreactor engineering
  • Experimental physics

Background:

  • Vortex bioreactors are utilized for culture growth, requiring optimal flow conditions.
  • Swirling flows in cylindrical containers can exhibit complex phenomena like vortex breakdown.
  • Understanding vortex dynamics is key to enhancing mixing and process efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the development and characteristics of vortex breakdown (VB) in a lab-scale swirling flow of two immiscible fluids.
  • To explore the influence of container conditions (sealed vs. open top) on VB formation.
  • To identify flow regimes conducive to efficient mixing in vortex bioreactors.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of swirling flow in a vertical cylindrical container with a rotating bottom disk.
  • Utilized two immiscible fluids under varying rotation strengths (Reynolds number, Re).
  • Compared flow behavior in a sealed container (SC) versus an open container (OC).

Main Results:

  • Observed the emergence of dual vortex breakdown (dual VB), with a new circulation cell forming in each fluid as rotation strength increased.
  • In the sealed container (SC), VB initiated in the lower fluid at Re=475, then in the upper fluid at Re=746.
  • In the open container (OC), VB initiated in the upper fluid at Re=524, then in the lower fluid at Re=538.
  • The flow remained steady and axisymmetric within the studied range of Re, with minimal deformation of the fluid interface and free surface.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified specific conditions for dual vortex breakdown in two-fluid swirling flows.
  • The observed dual VB flow structures offer potential for efficient mixing in aerial or two-fluid bioreactors.
  • Findings contribute to the design of optimized vortex bioreactors for enhanced culture growth and mixing.