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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Embodied Cognition Theories (ECTs) posit decision-making is integrated with action execution.
  • Ecologically relevant scenarios, where actions serve dual roles (choice expression and information sampling), are crucial for testing ECTs.
  • Understanding the interplay between decision processes and action trajectories provides insights into embodied cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether information-sampling movements co-occur with the ongoing decision process in humans.
  • To test the predictions of Embodied Cognition Theories in a task requiring both decision and information sampling.
  • To analyze response trajectories for evidence of online interaction between decision-making and action-based information gathering.

Main Methods:

  • A two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task was employed, where subjects categorized blurred object images.
  • Cursor movements towards response options (left/right) were analyzed.
  • Upward cursor movements were designed to reduce image blur, serving as an information-sampling mechanism.
  • Response trajectories were classified as direct (non-sampling) or containing an initial upward component (sampling).

Main Results:

  • Response trajectories exhibited a bimodal distribution, separating sampling and non-sampling behaviors.
  • A decision to sample information was inferred at the early stage of trials with sampling trajectories.
  • Sampling trajectories showed significant horizontal deviation early on, indicating an online interaction with the decision process, rather than purely upward movement.

Conclusions:

  • Information-sampling actions are not independent but interact dynamically with the decision-making process.
  • The findings support Embodied Cognition Theories by demonstrating that action execution is intertwined with decision processes, even under ecologically relevant constraints.
  • The study highlights the importance of analyzing movement trajectories to understand the embodied nature of cognition.