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Antibiotic Selection00:57

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Collateral Sensitivity Interactions between Antibiotics Depend on Local Abiotic Conditions.

Richard C Allen1, Katia R Pfrunder-Cardozo1, Alex R Hall1

  • 1Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Msystems
|November 30, 2021
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Summary

Collateral sensitivity, where resistance to one antibiotic reduces resistance to another, can slow antibiotic resistance. However, environmental conditions like pH and temperature significantly alter these effects, impacting clinical applications.

Keywords:
antibiotic resistancecollateral sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat.
  • Mutations conferring antibiotic resistance can lead to cross-resistance or collateral sensitivity to other antibiotics.
  • Collateral sensitivity in antibiotic combinations offers a strategy to slow resistance evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of environmental conditions on collateral sensitivity.
  • To determine if collateral effects are robust across varying abiotic factors.
  • To assess the implications for translating collateral sensitivity strategies to clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Isolated resistant mutants of Escherichia coli using five antibiotics.
  • Measured collateral sensitivity to paired antibiotics under varied conditions (pH, temperature, bile).
  • Characterized the influence of local abiotic conditions on resistance and collateral effects.

Main Results:

  • Abiotic conditions significantly modified the expression of resistance and collateral sensitivity.
  • Environmental variation influenced which resistant mutants emerged, altering their collateral sensitivity profiles.
  • Individual mutants exhibited altered collateral effects depending on the local environment.

Conclusions:

  • Collateral sensitivity is highly sensitive to environmental context, challenging its direct clinical translation.
  • Understanding environmental influences is crucial for developing robust antibiotic combination therapies.
  • Future strategies must account for environmental variability to effectively combat antibiotic resistance.