Biomaterial-mediated internal radioisotope therapy

Area of Science:

• Nuclear medicine
• Oncology
• Biomaterials science

Background:

• Radiation therapy (RT), encompassing external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and internal radioisotope therapy (RIT), is crucial in cancer treatment.
• Radioisotopes induce cancer cell apoptosis via DNA damage from emitted particles (alpha, beta, Auger).
• Biomaterials are essential for improving radioisotope bioavailability and reducing toxicity in RIT.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in biomaterial-mediated internal radioisotope therapy for cancer.
• To provide guidance for non-experts on nuclear medicine and cancer radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing various biomaterials as nanocarriers (e.g., targeting molecules, antibodies, peptides, nanomaterials).
• Labeling therapeutic radioisotopes onto nanocarriers through methods like chelating, doping, encapsulating, and displacement.
• Summarizing research on novel therapeutic strategies and biomaterials for high-performance RIT.

Main Results:

• Biomaterials enhance the efficacy of radioisotopes in cancer therapy.
• Nanocarrier-based RIT offers improved targeting and reduced systemic toxicity.
• Emerging biomaterials and strategies are continuously improving RIT performance.

Conclusions:

• Biomaterial-mediated RIT is a promising and evolving field in cancer therapy.
• Further research into novel biomaterials and strategies will enhance RIT effectiveness.
• Understanding nuclear medicine principles is key for advancing cancer radiotherapy.