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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Quantifying and controlling bond multivalency for advanced nanoparticle targeting to cells.

Elliot Y Makhani1, Ailin Zhang2, Jered B Haun3,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.

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Multivalent binding of nanoparticles enhances cancer cell targeting and internalization. Understanding nanoparticle size, shape, and binding kinetics is crucial for developing effective cancer nanomedicines.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Nanoparticles show promise for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • Passive targeting via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has limitations.
  • Active targeting offers improved tumor specificity through binding interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental and theoretical studies on nanoparticle multivalent binding.
  • To elucidate factors influencing nanoparticle adhesion and cellular uptake.
  • To guide the design of advanced nanoparticle-based cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of experimental studies on nanoparticle size, shape, ligand/receptor densities, and binding kinetics.
  • Exploration of theoretical binding aspects including kinetics, biomechanics, and transport physics.
  • Analysis of computational and simulation studies on nanoparticle adhesion.

Main Results:

  • Multivalent binding significantly enhances nanoparticle adhesion and cellular internalization compared to monovalent binding.
  • Nanoparticle size, shape, and ligand-receptor interactions critically influence binding efficiency.
  • Experimental data, theoretical models, and simulations provide complementary insights into multivalent adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Further integration of experimental and computational approaches is needed to fully understand multivalent adhesion.
  • Optimizing multivalent binding is key to developing highly effective nanoparticle drug delivery systems for cancer.
  • This review provides a foundation for designing next-generation nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics.