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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

Anatomical and functional connectomes underlying hierarchical visual processing in mouse visual system.

Răzvan Gămănuţ¹, Daisuke Shimaoka²

¹Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Brain Structure & Function

|November 30, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent studies reveal the mouse visual system has a less hierarchical structure than primates, offering unique insights into visual processing. This research explores its connections and implications for understanding brain functions related to vision.

Keywords:

Functional connectivity Hierarchy Lateral geniculate nucleus Lateral posterior nucleus Mouse Structural connectivity Superior colliculus Visual system

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Last Updated: Oct 11, 2025

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Published on: June 13, 2019

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Comparative Vision Research

Background:

Growing interest in the rodent visual system due to shared processing functions with primates.
Discovery of complex anatomical structures in the rodent extrastriate visual cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

Examine structural and functional connections of mouse visual areas identified recently.
Assess the impact of these findings on understanding brain functions associated with vision.
Investigate structure-function relationships, focusing on hierarchical organization.

Main Methods:

Utilizing advanced genetic tools, primarily in mice.
Analyzing recent investigations into the rodent visual system's anatomy and connectivity.

Main Results:

Evidence supports a hierarchical organization in rodents, but with fewer levels than primates.
The mouse visual system exhibits significant non-hierarchical processing.
Identified structural and functional connections in mouse visual areas.

Conclusions:

The mouse visual system's shallowness provides a unique model for studying non-hierarchical visual processing.
Findings advance our understanding of vision-related brain functions by comparing rodent and primate systems.