Do entrepreneurial orientation and intellectual capital influence SMEs' growth? Evidence from Pakistan

This research analyzes the impacts of intellectual capital (IC) and the balancing power of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on innovation growth (IG) in Pakistan's SME sector. A quantitative approach on smart PLS has been applied through the SEM model, backed by a survey to gather primary data from 256 participants of Pakistan's SME sector. A significant effect of human capital on Pakistani firms' IG was identified. In contrast, the effect of structural capital was determined to be insignificant over the IG of Pakistani firms. On the other hand, the customer capital's effect was also significant over Pakistani firms' innovation growth. Little moderation of EO between human capital and IG has been determined. The moderations of "EO between human capital and innovation growth" and "EO between structural capital and innovation growth" were insignificant. However, the moderation of EO between customer capital and IG was significant. The scope of this study is limited to firms in Pakistan and can be extended to firms in other regions, which can provide broad findings.