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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Updated: Oct 11, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Making high-quality quantum microwave devices with van der Waals superconductors.

Abhinandan Antony1, Martin V Gustafsson2, Anjaly Rajendran3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|November 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Ultra low-loss microwave materials are essential for superconducting quantum devices. Researchers fabricated niobium selenide (NbSe2) resonators achieving a quality factor over 10^5, demonstrating 2D materials

Keywords:
2Dmicrowave resonatorniobium diselenidequality factorsuperconductorvan der Waals

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Materials science
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Superconducting qubits require ultra low-loss microwave materials to improve quantum coherence and scalability.
  • Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer a promising platform for quantum devices due to their single-crystal nature and clean interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microwave loss properties of 2D layered materials for quantum applications.
  • To fabricate and characterize superconducting microwave resonators using niobium selenide (NbSe2).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of superconducting microwave resonators utilizing NbSe2.
  • Characterization of resonator quality factor (Q) in the microwave regime.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a quality factor (Q) greater than 10^5 for NbSe2-based resonators.
  • This Q-factor implies a resistance upper bound of less than or equal to 192μΩ in a transmon circuit.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the compatibility of 2D layered materials, specifically NbSe2, with high-quality microwave quantum devices.
  • The results highlight the potential of vdW heterostructures for advancing superconducting quantum technologies.