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Necessity of Social Distancing in Pandemic Control: A Dynamic Game Theory Approach.

Ilyass Dahmouni1, Elnaz Kanani Kuchesfehani2

  • 1The Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.

Dynamic Games and Applications
|December 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

In pandemic modeling, the altruistic approach, where healthy individuals prioritize vulnerable populations, best manages social distancing. This strategy benefits both groups long-term, promoting societal well-being during health crises.

Keywords:
Dynamic game theoryEpidemicPandemic controlPublic policySocial distancing

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Societies comprise healthy and vulnerable individuals, both susceptible to viral spread.
  • Vulnerable populations face higher mortality risks from infections due to pre-existing conditions.
  • Individual decisions on social participation are influenced by perceived societal infection rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and analyze societal behavior under pandemic restrictions.
  • To compare four distinct social distancing scenarios: Nash, cooperative, egoistic, and altruistic.
  • To determine the optimal strategy for coexisting with pandemic-related restrictions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical model simulating citizen behavior and viral spread.
  • Analysis of steady states across four defined behavioral scenarios.
  • Utilizing a numerical example to illustrate scenario outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The altruistic scenario, prioritizing vulnerable individuals' needs, emerged as the most effective.
  • Healthy individuals practicing stricter self-isolation in the altruistic model allows greater freedom for vulnerable groups.
  • This approach demonstrated long-term pandemic control benefits for all societal segments.

Conclusions:

  • The altruistic approach offers a superior framework for managing societal interactions during pandemics.
  • This model provides insights into optimizing life within pandemic-influenced environments.
  • Findings are relevant for navigating post-pandemic societal structures and future health crises.