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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
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Pinene-Based Oxidative Synthetic Toolbox for Scalable Polyester Synthesis.

Arne Stamm1, Johannes Öhlin1, Caroline Mosbech1

  • 1School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Division of Coating Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.

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Renewable polyesters were generated from α-pinene using oxidative transformations. This unlocks new biobased materials and coatings through two distinct polymerization pathways, enhancing sustainability.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Renewable polymer generation is crucial for sustainability.
  • Biomass building blocks often present polymerization challenges.
  • Terpenes offer a renewable feedstock but require functionalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop new methods for generating renewable polyesters from terpenes.
  • To explore oxidative transformations for unlocking terpene reactivity.
  • To create biobased polyesters with tunable properties and cross-linking capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Oxidative transformation of α-pinene into lactones and diols.
  • Ring-opening polymerization of lactones to form star-shaped polyesters.
  • Polycondensation of terpene-derived diols with unsaturated diesters.
  • Cross-linking of polyesters via transetherification and UV irradiation.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct polyester synthesis pathways were established from α-pinene.
  • Biobased semicrystalline polyesters with tunable thermal properties were produced.
  • Terpene-based polyesters were successfully cross-linked, yielding versatile materials.
  • The study demonstrates a versatile oxidative toolbox for terpene valorization.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative chemistry enables the efficient conversion of terpenes into valuable polyester monomers.
  • Complementary polymerization and cross-linking mechanisms provide access to diverse biobased polyesters.
  • This approach offers a sustainable route to advanced biomaterials and coatings.